التقديم والتأخير في ترجمة القرآن الكريم إلى اللغة الفرنسية

Abstract

It is considered as one of the most important linguistic phenomena, the issue of word order gives to the language its flexibility and elasticity. It allows, henceforth, the speaker to move freely and to step beyond the set of relationships that govern the words within the speech, and to leave it out is a sort of bringing the use of language from its communicative utility into the creative use of the language. And once the self-in terested use of language gets into the bosom of the literature world, therein it acquires a new feature imposed by the nature of the literature. The aim, then, is no longer to just convey the meaning but to convey it in enjoying and pleasing way and thus t he language becomes an aesthetic tool. I have dealt with this phenomenon as far as the meanings are concerned by the issue of word order in the translation of the 1st quarter of the Holy Qur’an carried out by Hamid Allah, Jacques Berque and André Chouraqui. The main question to be asked here is: how the inversed Arab words are dealt with in the translation of the Holy Qu’ran? Did translators translate inversed words using the literal theory or the interpretative one? Translating the Holy Qur’an in to another language is verily a complex task full of difficulties and slipperiness. Many Ulama (Islamic scholars) opposed the idea of translating the Holy Qur’an .And, truly speaking, the meaning is the mainstay of the Qur’an translation, it must, ther efore, be given a high focus and consideration. the Qur’an translators have suggested the method of the explanatory ranslation (by the explanation -interpretation -construal translation) to be adopted 205 .Explanatory Translation, as seen by Qur’an translator s, means: to explain the speech and clarify its meaning in another language .In such case, he who explains, indeed, is clarifying the speech according to his own understanding, as if he says to people: this is the meaning of the verse as I have understood it. In other words, we can say that the explanatory translation is: translation according to one person own understanding, and an individual version that does not carry different potential interpreting aspects of the Qur’an meanings. In fact, the communi ty of Ulama appreciated the method of explanatory translation for many reasons, such as: it removes the illusion that the translation could be the Qur’an itself. Moreover, the explanatory method can resolve the problem of communicating the specific concept s in the Qur’an and that the literal translation can not convey in any way. The present study is an attempt to inspect and analyse the different approaches through which the three mentioned translators have dealt with the phenomenon of word order in the 1st quarter of the Holy Qur’an translation .On the one hand ,to analyse and compare between the translations and the original text, on the other hand , to compare between the translations one another, as well as to expose the methods followed by the translators to theoreticians views and of those experts working in translation studies . The results obtained from this research are:  The three translators proceed in different manners towards the translation of the inversed Arab words in the Holy Qur’an.  Chouraqui adopts the literal translation and save the same order of the words in the verses.  Berque and Hamidallah seem to be aware about the phenomenon of inversion. He has really attempted to use adequate techniques and expressions to render almost of the semantic and rhetoric values of the inversed Arab words in the verses.