L'organisation de l'espace autour d'un site a risque majeur

Abstract

Algerian cities are facing numerous sources of threat, among the problematic situations they face, there is that of ""technological risks"". After independence, Algeria adopted a model of economic development based on central planning, based on the creation of poles, most often located on the coastal areas. In fact, large industrial centers are located in the form of complex extended over large areas. This model has led to an intense demographic growth, an unprecedented housing crisis thus causing an abusive and speculative use of land reserves (urban and rural). The uncontrolled urban extension of our cities is translated by the birth of an anarchic and marginal urban periphery, characterized by the presence of habitat around the industrial zones unsuited to the real data of the risk. After the accidents, including the accident of 19 January 2004, in the natural gas liquefaction complex in Skikda, the industrial risk has become a reality from which the actors involved in their management are looking for tools to manage it. Indeed, several approaches exist to determine the existence, the magnitude and the advent of the risk and to manage it: normative, probabilistic, security, insurance, by the organization of the territory (control of the space at risk) and cartographic representations advanced by geographers. This thesis work is a contribution to these evolutions. Its goal is to organize the space around a major risk site over and done with tools that help us make decisions like GIS. The card appears in this context as an excellent tool, because it allows, on the one hand, to visualize the risk, and thus by concretizing it, to make it apprehensible by all those who study it and, on the other hand, to facilitate communication between different risk managers. In order to materialize this place, a localized database has been developed integrating all the characteristics concerning the hazard and especially the vulnerable issues. The results show technological risks affecting the three municipalities of the Daïra of Skikda; a population seems unaware of the dangers to which it is exposed; significant human and material issues exposed to great dangers.