Résumé:
The study was conducted during three agricultural campaigns 2013/2014, 2014/2015 and 2016/2017 in two stations, one at the
wilaya of Oum El Bouaghi and the other at the Technical Institute of Field Crops (ITGC) from Khroub to Constantine.
The purpose of this study was to distinguish the difference among 20 genotypes of two varieties, circumflexumand melanopus,
belonging to durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) grown in Algeria, based on certain morphophysiological characteristics and
yield.
In addition, the parents were subjected to hybridizations to obtain first generation individuals, in order to determine the diversity
of inter and intra varietal genotypes, thus the development of the most productive genotypes. Also, a biochemical and molecular
study was carried out to determine the degree of relationship of the studied genotypes and hybrids obtained.
The results obtained by multivariate statistical analyzes showed that there is a diversity among the studied genotypes from the
morphological measurements and the yield. The genotypes cir9, mel1, mel6, mel2, mel5, mel6, mel10, cir7 and cir10 record
the highest values from morphological parameters and grain yield during the three agricultural campaigns. The cir4, cir8, cir6,
mel6, mel4 and cir5 genotypes had high relative moisture content during the two agricultural campaigns 2013/2014 and
2014/2015 and the mel1, cir4, mel3, mel9 and cir8 genotypes during the agricultural campaigns 2016/2017.
Total protein analysis by electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) during the three agricultural campaigns of the 30 selected genotypes of
the two varieties circumflexum, melanopus and six hybrids revealed a remarkable polymorphism of 66.66 and 83.33%,
respectively. . The hierarchical classification distinguished different groups. Total protein can be used to determine genetic
differences in durum wheat populations.
The molecular analysis by the technique (PCR -HRM) permited the separation of 30 selected genotypes of the two varieties
circumflexum and melanopus, using four SSR primers. This technique allowed to highlight inter and intra varietal variability
according to the degree of DNA fusion. During the agricultural campaign 2013/2014 the mel1, mel2 and mel10 genotypes form
a single homogeneous group for both primers Xwms47 and Xwms46, and two genotypes cir9 and cir10 were classified in the
same group for the primer Xwms46 during the agricultural campaign 2014/2015, but the third agricultural campaign 2016/2017
has classified two genotypes cir10 and mel9 in the same group for the two primers Xwms46 and Xwms499. This analysis
distinguished the genotypes mel1, cir9 and mel9 for the primer Xwms132 during the three agricultural campaigns by forming
individual groups respectively. This later allowed to highlight a very important variability of the primer Xwms132 followed
by the three primers Xwms 47, Xwms 46 and Xwms 499 according to their degree of DNA fusion of the genotypes of 6, 5,4,
3 and 0,8 ° C, respectively, which show inter and intra-varietal diversity.
The molecular study of parents with six hybrids from crosses between circumflexumand melanopus showed that, based on the
degree of relationship between hybrids and their parents, the hybrids were divided into three groups: a group resembling the
male father for primers Xwms47 and Xwms132, a group similar to both parents for the same primer Xwms499, and an
intermediate group resembling none of the parents was often found for the primer Xwms46. Some hybrids have also taken
intermediate groups for Xwms47 and Xwms132.
We conclude that among all followed parameters and analyzes, morpho-physiological, yield, biochemical and molecular,
molecular study, based on DNA analysis, is the most rigorous approach, but it is best to use all available methods in order to
have a complete study rich with the information about inter and interspecific variability among studied genotypes.
