Résumé:
In this work, we studied an accession of durum wheat grown in Algeria with two varieties:
leucomeulon and reichenbachi, on which phenological, morpho-physiological and molecular
characteristics were measured. The different results obtained made it possible to identify several
distinct groups within this accession.
The phenological and morpho-physiological parameters revealed a certain intra- and inter-varietal
variability. Thus, most genotypes of the reichenbachi variety proved to be more effective for
morphological and physiological parameters, whereas many genotypes of the leucomelon variety
gave a better yield.
Across the accession, molecular markers RAPD and ISSR analyzed 50 selected genotypes belonging
to the two varieties.
For the RAPD markers, on 2 primers used, 2 showed monomorphic bands and a high percentage of
polymorphism of 92.10%. Moreover, the dendrogram divided the different genotypes into two large
distinct clusters of similarity located between 71, 2 and 100%.
Of these 50 genotypes, 20 were retained and analyzed using 2 other primers which generated 19
polymorphic markers with a high percentage of polymorphism equal to 95%.
For the ISSR markers, the primers used for the 50 selected genotypes were found to be polymorphic
with a total of 32 reproducible bands of which 22 were polymorphic (68.7%). The dendrogram of
molecular markers ISSR revealed two distinct heterogeneous groups of similarity slightly less than
68%.
Furthermore, the hierarchical classification of the two RAPD and ISSR markers of the 50 genotypes
studied made it possible to distinguish between two main groups with a similarity between 33 and
97.4%.
The evaluation of genetic diversity using the two molecular markers RAPD and ISSR used is more
discriminating for RAPD, which showed an important inter-varietal genetic polymorphism.We found
that the distribution of the 50 genotypes tested was based on their botanical variety.
In conclusion, the study of the phenological, morpho-physiological, yield and molecular parameters
analyzed by the various techniques and methods revealed certain inter varietal variability, but within
each of the two varieties, the genotypes were genetically close.
