دراسة تأثير الاسمد العضوية الطبيعية المختلفة ومستوى النتروجين في نمو و انتاجيةالبطاطا صنف سبونتا)Solanum tuberosum L.)في منطقة وادي سوف

Abstract

The experiments of this study were conducted at the region of Hassi khalifa, El-Oued, during the agricultural seasons 2010, 2011 and 2013. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of three kinds of organic manure (chicken, sheep and mixed manure chicken and sheep1/1 w/w) with three levels nitrogen for each one (1, 2, 3 kg/h protifert manure ) on the growth and yields of potato. These were compared with control and common fertilization treatment applied by the potato farmers (chicken manure + chemical manure N P k). A Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (F-RCBD) was selected for the three experiments. Each experiment contained 11 treatments for each treatment with three replicates. The test of Least significant differences (LSD) was used to compare mean with 0.05 levels. In general results of the three experiments could be summarized as follow: - Physiological qualities were no significantly increased in terms of (Ratio and speed emergence, photosynthetic efficiency, relative water content and chlorophyll percentage). As a results of organic manure utilization and addition of three levels nitrogen as compared to untreated control during growing seasons. The results showed the greatest increase at the treatment of chicken manure either alone or mixed with sheep manure with these levels nitrogen in physiological qualities. - The results of vegetative growth reveled the following: Growth was significantly increased in terms of (foliage area, leaf area index, stem numbers/plant and plant height). Treatments chicken manure, chicken manure + 1kg/h protifert and mixed manure + 3kg/h of protifert appeared to be the most effective treatments in improving vegetative growth traits. - The results revealed that using the animal waste with levels nitrogen spraying on the leaves showed a significantly increase in treats of yield quantity terms (tuber number, tuber weight, yield of individual plant, total yield and marketable yield). Add to that treatments first level in chicken manure either alone or mixed better in tuber number, marketable yield. As for as the common fertilization treatment applied by the potato farmers and chicken manure +2 kg/h of protifert increased significantly tuber weight. - The results showed improvement in the chemical properties of the tuber using organic manure subsidized levels of nitrogen, the treatment chicken manure+ 1kg/h protifert lead to dry matter percentage, organic matter and starch percentage of tuber. Their treatments chicken manure + 2 kg/h of protifert better in protein, carbohydrate and nitrogen percentage of tuber. The results showed a significantly increase with treatments chicken manure alone or mixed + 2 kg/h of protifert in phosphor percentage of tuber. The treatment chicken manure +3 kg/h of protifert better in potassium content of the tuber. No significantly increase of treatment manure in anthocyanin and carotenoid content in tuber. - The results also showed a positive relationship between the phenols and flavonoids content, carbohydrates, potassium and phosphor in the tuber with nitrogen levels. In addition, it was observed an inverse relationship between the dry matter, starch and protein percentage.