ترجمة أفعال الكلام في الخطاب القرآني إلى اللّغة الفرنسية دراسة تحليلية مقارنة لثلاث ترجمات

Abstract

Speech acts is one of the most important concepts in discourse analysis. The combination of modern approaches and traditional linguistic viewpoints can produce new perspectives to the analysis of Quranic discourse, to understand its meanings, purposes and translate them to other languages. Our research is titled: “Translating Speech Acts to Quranic Discourse into French, an Analytical and Comparative Study of Three Translations of Sura al-Baqara (The Cow). Regarding the practical side, we have chosen Sura al-Baqara and its three translations as a corpus because most speech acts appear more there. We have relied on three translations of the meaning of the Noble Quran into French: Boureima Abdou Daouda, Jacques Berque, and Boubakeur Hamza, which are among the most outstanding contemporary attempts which have received wide resonance, which made them approved by several Islamic bodies, they are analyzed and compared to what has been mentioned in the books of ancient and contemporary Quran commentators. We raised the following issue: Can the translator of the Quran preserve the intended meanings of speech acts when translating it into French? To answer this problem, we have presented this research in three chapters. In the first chapter, we talk about the theory of speech acts in three sections. In the first section, we deal with the concept of pragmatics, its foundations and principles, then we discuss Arab rhetoric and its relation to pragmatics. In the second section, we discuss the theory of speech acts in the Western studies of John Austin and John Searle. The third section deals with direct and indirect speech acts in Arabic studies. The second chapter has three sections. The first section talks about the pragmatic approach in translation, then the competence and performance of speech acts, as well as the conditions for deverbalizing the meaning of these acts. Then in the second section: the translation of the Quranic discourse, we define the discourse, then we show the classification of discourse, then we talk about the translation of the religious discourse, to finally arrive at the theories of the translation of the Quranic discourse. In the third section: Speech Acts to Quranic Speech, we talk about direct and indirect speech acts through which we cite illustrative examples. As for the third chapter, which represents the practical part of this research, we devote it to the analysis of Sura al-Baqara and its three translations in the light of the theory of speech acts. In this part, we seek to apply the methodological tools that we conclude through the theoretical framework of the study of speech acts. The most important results we have achieved are: The speech act plays an important role in determining meaning and translating it into Qur'anic discourse by showing the implicit linguistic units. Therefore, it is necessary to show the performative meaning of speech acts in interpretive translation, in order to avoid any confusion which may be wrong or wrong through literal translation. In addition, it is important to show the speaker's goals based on the words of the commentators and the opinions of the ulama due to the multiplicity of interpretations, as well as the translator's reliance on more than one interpretation. It becomes clear to us that speech acts have a direct literal force, and performative forces demanded by the context that the translator in general, and the translator of the meanings of the Koran in particular, must give them all the importance in order to faithfully transmit speech acts to the target language. The translator must master the various mechanisms and tools for analyzing speech in order to convey with precision and honesty the meaning of speech acts.