الخلاصة:
This study was designed to evaluate the antioxidant, antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of n-BuOH extract of Capparis spinosa in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic Wistar rats in the case of pancreatic and cerebral complications. The in vitro studies revealed that BECS possessed a strong antioxidant activity by using different assays (DPPH°, ABTS•+, Reducing power and phosphomolybdenum) and high antidiabetic activity (inhibitory activity of α-
glucosidase and α-amylase). On the other hand the BECS has no toxicity against C6 brain cancer cell lines. Concerning the in vivo study, the treatment of rats with BECS (200 mg/kg) for a period of 28 days significantly attenuated the adverse effects of STZ-induced diabetes (60 mg/kg). A decrease in blood glucose and HbA1C levels was noted in the BECS-STZ group, associated with a significant improvement in serum and brain insulin levels. The BECStreated group showed a significant improvement in serum C-peptide, serum AGE and serum CK-BB levels. BECS has also restricted lipid profile in STZ-treated rats. Meanwhile, reduced pancreatic MDA and enhanced redox status parameters in diabetic rats was observed. Otherwise, a resurrection of neuronal membrane integrity was manifested in the BECS+STZ group, as evidenced by increased brain LDH activity and reduced brain MDA level. Furthermore, treatment of STZ-treated rat with BECS was able to significantly regulate biomarkers of brain dysfunction (AChE and BChE activities, glutamate and dopamine levels). Additionally, treatment of rats with BECS efficacy restored the SOD, CAT levels and GSHsystem enzymes towards normal levels. Regarding the levels of (IL-6, TNF-α, and NO) produced by diabetogenic effects of STZ, the BECS successfully regulated these inflammatory mediators. From all these results, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of BECS could be due to its richness in polyphenols identified by LC-MS/MS analysis, mainly chlorogenic acid and rutin, as well as the synergistic interactions of all contents. Further, the histopathology of pancreas and brain confirms the protective effect of C. spinosa in STZinduction diabetes in animals. Results clearly indicate that C. spinosa treatment exerts a therapeutic protective effect in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress, neuro-inflammation, and modulating high glucose levels.
