Filtrage actif des harmoniques dans les réseaux électriques. Contribution à l’amélioration de l’énergie électrique

Abstract

Nowadays, the use of electric and electronic equipments (rectifiers, variable speed drives, computers, industrial installations) containing power semiconductors such as Thyristor converters, knows a considerable progression. The nonlinear behavior of those equipments generates harmonics that affect directly the distribution utility operations. Indeed, the consequences of this phenomenon could be manifested in transformer overheating, a reduction in the efficiency of the generation, transmission and utilization of electric energy, malfunctioning of the system or plant components. In order to overcome these problems and ensure the electrical sources safety several solutions have been presented in the literature. In this work a contribution to improve the electrical energy quality using active filtering is presented. The main contribution deals with the calculation of the reference currents in the different conditions, where an algorithm based on the instantaneous power theory to detect and compensate current harmonics is proposed. The compromise time response and filtering quality of this filter were discussed. The direct calculation introduced made it possible to obtain the continuous components in a time less than 1/20 of the period time correspond to the electrical network with a harmonic content attenuates to zero. The obtained results show that the contribution brought by this dissertation gathers between the reduced time response for the calculation of the current references and the excellent precision. The introduction of the algorithm proposed in the filtering system (networks, polluting load and active filter) has met our expectations. The results of simulations and experimentation confirmed the good melting of our contribution.