Caractérisation Botanique et moléculaire du palmier dattier (Phœnix dactylifera L.) de la région de Bou-Sâada.

Abstract

The study of the genetic diversity of the date palm of the Oasis of Bou-Saâda led us to make an inventory of palm trees in the four zones Djenane Btom, Djenane Nakhara, Dejnane Hmaïd, and Djenane khachbat mimoum, Twenty-three varieties without count Dokkar and the total number of palm trees is 2147. With the study of the morphological characteristics (length of palm, number of spines ...) it was possible to describe and identify the twenty three varieties listed, Varieties that exist only at the Oasis of Bou-Saâda as Bou-Saâdiya, Nebgaya and Zebla. Molecular identification of the date palm cultivars of the Bou-Saâda palm grove by the two techniques ISSR (21 primers) and RAPD (27 primers) were used revealed an important genetic polymorphism inter accessions is explained by the morphological difference between the varieties. The RAPD and ISSR markers allowed to characterize and distinguish the different cultivars. Analysis of the RAPD, ISSR data generated a phylogeny similar to that revealed by RAPD Concerning the genetic identification of Bayoud-resistant cultivars The use of the two R and S plasmids as molecular markers will be effective in detecting the Bayoud-resistant cultivars. Resistant cultivars have been identified from the cultivars tested. It has been found that Baâret ljmal is resistant, on the other hand, the cultivar Deglet Nour represents the two plasmid forms R and S. Thus, using this technique, it is possible to establish a list of cultivars of Algerian date palm Resistant or sensitive to Bayoud The Oasis of Bou-Saâda still retains an important genetic heritage, which must be protected and used