Identification des facteurs de risque biologiques et génétiques de l'athérosclérose coronarienne dans la population algérienne

Abstract

In coronary atherosclerosis, there are many genes whose products are involved in the development of the disease and for which a genetic polymorphism has been described. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the -75G/A polymorphism of the apolipoprotein A1 gene (Apo A1) and the I/D polymorphism of the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) on the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Our case-control study included 319 subjects who received a full lipid profile (TC, TG, HDL, LDL) and a homocysteine assay. The study population was divided into two groups: control group (160 apparently healthy subjects) and patient group (159 subjects with MI). Genotyping of the Apo A1 polymorphism was done by a PCR RFLP using the restriction enzyme MspI. Genotyping of ACE polymorphism was determined by direct PCR Our results show that the mutated genotype AA of Apo A1 is not significantly associated with the risk of MI (OR = 0.74, 95% CI 0.27-2.008). However carriers of the genotype AA, either in control or in patients, have higher serum levels of HDL. Regarding the DD genotype of ACE, patients have significantly higher frequencies compared to controls (p = 0.02). In conclusion, individuals with the AA genotype appear to be likely to have a lower risk of MI as a result of its effect on higher serum concentrations of HDL. Furthermore our study confirms the supposed role of the DD genotype of ACE as a marker of MI in our population. Additional studies are needed to confirm this finding