Etude et valorisation des plantes médicinales algériennes; Contribution à une enquête ethnobotanique et investigations phytochimiques et biologiques sur les deux plantes

Abstract

The present work aims to the valorization of Algerian flora by phytochemical et biological investigations on two species : Iris unguicularis Poir. and Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter. This study allowed to identify several phytochemical compounds and to record satisfactory results for different biological activities tested for this two species. LC-MS IT-TOF analysis of the different extracts (AI, CI et BI) of Iris unguicularis Poir. species led to the quantification of 70 compounds, while the LC-MS/MS analysis accomplished by a previously validated method by using 37 standards revealed the presence of 17 phenolic compounds and the richest extracts were, AI and CI, AI extract was mainly composed by: 4-OH-benzoic acid (2218.2 µg analyte/g extract), syringinic acid (1218.6 µg analyte/g extract), protocatechuique acid (1080. 4 µg analyte/g extract) and p-coumaric acid (1071.2 µg analyte/g extract), the CI extract was mainly composed by: naringinia (1453.4 µg analyte/g extract) and ferulic acid (1088, 41 µg analyte/g extract). Results showed also the high antioxidant an antibacterial activities of these extracts . Structural elucidation of isocostic acid isolated from the species Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter, was performed by NMR technique (1H and 13C). The results of activities carried out on this compound revealed its apoptotic effect by acting as pro-oxidant which allows to generate the superoxide anion in one hand and on the other hand by its effect on mitochondrial swelling. The viability of cells via MTT assay tested against U118, Caco-2, SKOV-3 and HDF lines showed that isocostic acid had a significant effect on cell proliferation by causing a dose-dependent cytotoxicity especially against U118 line in which proliferation is clearly decreased between 100μg and 200 μg with an IC50 of 72.32 μg/ml.