Influence du football sur le profil morpho-fonctionnel, le statut nutritionnel et énergétique des footballeuses Algériennes.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: The level of women's sport competitions has grown so strong that the pressure has become more palpable, made some athletes to engage in unbalanced diets that may disrupt their menstrual cycles. The association between eating disorders and irregular menstrual cycles would eventually lead to ""the triad of the female athlete"". OBJECTIVE: The objective is to evaluate the frequency of menstrual cycle disorders and to highlight its causes in the Algerian football player cases. METHODOLOGY: 44 female footballers gave the questionnaire on their ovarian cycle for the analysis of the frequency of menstrual cycle disorders. The subjects also carried out anthropometric measurements and a food survey. The injuries suffered by the soccer players have been recorded. RESULTS: 12 women (26%) had cyclical disorders, including 5 with a history of amenorrhea, 5 with irregular long cycles (≥ 35 days) or short cycles (≤ 24 days) and 2 with both a history of preAmenorrhea and irregular cycles. Our results brought values of the weight and size compatible with the standards of the women's football. In comparison to normally regulate (NR) soccer players, women with menstrual cycle disorders (TC) have an energy deficit associated with a lower BMI and a lower rate of oestradiol. Athletes (CTs) have a higher injury frequency compared to athletes (NR). CONCLUSION: practicing football tends to disrupt the menstrual cycle of footballers (26%) which suspect the triad syndrome Athlete caused mainly by lower daily energy intake and confirmed by the high percentage of injuries.