Abstract:
Although the United Nations Convention on the Sea Law in 1982 which has given the coastal State full authority in its internal waters, but it is restricted this antlnority by some limitations in the areas near the inland waters which are the territorial and archipelagic passage for foreign vessels.
To ensure the safety of the coastal State from security, health and economic sides, its sovereignty extends beyond the territorial sea by 12 nautical miles to an area called the adjacent area and about 198 nautical miles to the second zone called the exclusive economic zone, but the sovereignty of the coastal State here is not full sovereignty, it practiced only a set of sovereign competencies to secure its security and economic interests.
to enable the coastal State of monopoly economic exploitation to seabed and underneath the mear areas. In 1982, a Convention has given to the idea of continental shelf a special system and the rights that the coastal State enjoyes in the continental shelf are sovereign pure and weatherproof if the coastal State doesn't do it, there is no state can do it without her consent.
All these powers exercised by the coastal State even if they vary between full sovereignty and sovereign rights, but it will lead to the restriction of freedom and it will increase the ownership and sovereignty whether on security or economic basis.
القانون
