Abstract:
The aim of this work is the study of new biologically active agents, derived from an
endemic medicinal plant widely used by the Algerian population, which is Ecbalium
elaterium. Our study is composed of two complementary axes, namely a botanical study and a
phytochemical study of the leaves of this species. Phytochemical screening was carried out by
specific coloring and precipitation reactions. The results of the powder macerate and the
extract of aerial parts of Ecbalium elaterium L. showed the presence of various bioactive
compounds such as terpenoids, steroids, tannins, reducing compounds, flavonoids, etc. On the
other hand, the absence of saponins, leucoanthocyanes, and, anthraquinones was noticed. The
quantification of total antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the study of the antioxidant
activity of the plant ethanolic extract using DPPH radical scavenging technique. The botanical
study was made by a macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the vegetative organs of
Ecballium elaterium L. by the analysis of vegetal material, both integral and as powder using
optical microscopy. Histo-anatomical details were highlighted by coloration with an original
combination of reagents for the double coloration of cellulose and lignin using Congo red and
methyl green reagents. The botanical analysis revealed all the macroscopic and microscopic
characteristics which allow the botanical identification of Ecbalium elaterium L. However,
further, detailed studies are urgently needed to check the therapeutic potentiality, safety, and
mechanism of action of Ecbalium elaterium L. In perspective, we plan to deepen the study of
this species using innovative extraction methods
