Doctorat (HYGIENE ET SANTE ANIMALE)

L'adénocarcinome nasal enzootique chez les ovins dans l'Est algérien.

Wed, 22 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT

L'adénocarcinome nasal enzootique chez les ovins dans l'Est algérien. Sid, Nassim; Benhamza, Louiza Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious neoplasm of the secretory epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa of sheep and goats. The disease is sporadic but often clustered in certain flocks and herds. It is caused by a betaretrovirus named Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus (ENTV). The purpose of our work is to determine the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological profile of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in sheep in the east of Algeria (Bordj Bou Arréridj, Sétif, Batna and M'sila). From 2014 to 2021, 98 cases of ANE in sheep were described and submitted to autopsy. Nasal tumours were preserved in 10% formalin. The prevalence of ENA recorded at herd level was 8.57% (21/245) while the individual prevalence was 4.46% (98/2196). The disease was observed in the four regions studied without exception. Rates of 4.20% and 4.51% were recorded in females and males respectively. The average age at onset of ANE was 3.2 years, with extremes of 5 months and 7 years. The animals of 2 to 4 years are the most affected. We noted also that age and sex have no influence on the occurrence of the disease. ANE is observed in this study throughout the year with a slight predominance in autumn and winter. The most clinical signs observed were persistent serous to seromucous nasal discharge (100%), emaciation (72.45%), dyspnoea (54.08%), exophthalmos (46.94%) and deformation of the frontal bone (31.63%) and lacrimal bone (23.46%). On necropsy examination, unilateral (59.18%) or bilateral (40.82%), friable, and pinkish-white tumour masses were observed in the nasal cavities. The size of the tumour was varied from 1.3 to 11 cm. Osteolysis of the frontal and lacrimal bones rates was 54.08%. Histopathological examination showed that 100% of the tumours were adenocarcinomas of low malignant potential. The tumour tissue showed a predominantly acinar architecture. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific to the ovine betaretrovirus protein ENTV-env confirmed the viral origin of ANE. Besides a positive labelling of the tumour tissue was observed with the antibodies CK7, AE1/AE3, PCNA, Ki-67, vimentin, S100, NSE and AML. This study shows, for the first time, the presence of ANE in Algeria. This pathology is not well known by all the actors of the sheep industry. Isolation and slaughter of affected sheep remains the best way to eradicate this transmissible cancer.

Étude de l’intérêt de l’usage des huiles essentielles de Lamiacées (Mentha, Origanum et Thymus) durant le tarissement dans la maîtrise des mammites staphylococciques des vaches laitières.

Sat, 12 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT

Étude de l’intérêt de l’usage des huiles essentielles de Lamiacées (Mentha, Origanum et Thymus) durant le tarissement dans la maîtrise des mammites staphylococciques des vaches laitières. Hamlaoui, Mohamed Walid; Hadef, Ahmed The dry period is known for its suitability for antimicrobial control of staphylococcal intramammary infections (IIMs). The present work aims to prospectively study the use of essential oils (aromatherapy) at the drying off for the control of staphylococcal mastitis in the conditions of Algerian dairy farms. This study is based on the collection of information regarding the current use of antibiotics, phytotherapy, and aromatherapy during the dry period via a questionnaire survey. Then, an in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of some essential oils of Lamiaceae (Thyme, Oregano, Mint) on Staphylococcus strains isolated from the milk of cows suffering from recurrent mastitis was carried out to select the essential oil(s) to be tested for their in vivo antimicrobial activities. Our survey identified noncompliance with recommended zootechnical practices during the dry period as a risk factor for poor udder health and non-effectiveness of antibiotic therapy at drying off (DCT). The latter is a common practice and is selective in 86.49% of cases, regardless of the health status of the udder. In addition, self-medication, anarchic and selective use of some molecules, mainly ß-lactams with cefalexin as the most infused intramammary antibiotic (40.54%), were noted. This survey confirmed interesting perspectives on the possibility of using phytotherapy and aromatherapy as complementary or palliative approaches to control mastitis and reduce antibiotic use. The study of the antibacterial activities, in vitro and in vivo, of three essential oils from three plants of the Lamiaceae family (Mentha, Origanum and Thymus) against bacteria causing mastitis has shown their very significant effects on different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The highest inhibition diameter was obtained with the essential oil of Thymus munbyanus (41.07 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded with the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (0.01%). The application of this oil in vivo on udders of cows with subclinical mastitis showed a significant (P<0.001) decrease in total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). The use of essential oils seems to be a promising option for the actors of the Algerian dairy sector to join the ""One Health"" concept.

Evaluation de la qualité hygiénique et physico-chimique du lait de vache.

Tue, 18 Oct 0018 00:00:00 GMT

Evaluation de la qualité hygiénique et physico-chimique du lait de vache. Zeghilet, Noureddine; Aimeur, Rachida

Influence de l’apporten vitamines et antistress sur les performances zootechniques et le profil hématologique chez le poulet de chair.

Sun, 07 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT

Influence de l’apporten vitamines et antistress sur les performances zootechniques et le profil hématologique chez le poulet de chair. Choudar, Nedjma; Mekroud, A. Two groups of 200 broilers, strain ISA15, have been raised in the same building with the same ambient conditions, lighting, and feeding, during two periods, the first, in spring time (April- May). ) and the second in the autumn period (October-November).broilers received three vitamin treatments in the drinking water (chicktonic premix, vitE / selenium and antistress, betamint)from 1day to 48 day. In order to avoid cases of rickets or growth retardation, as well as breeding stress , all chickens in the summer treated with chicktonic as miltivitamin and betamint. The lots were identified according to the following therapeutic schema: control lot CH (chicktonic 1ml /, betamint 1ml / then 2ml / l from day 41). Lot CH + 41 (chicktonic 1ml / l then 2.5 ml / l from day 41, betamint, same as controllot ). Lot CH + 13 (chicktonic 1ml / l, then increasing the dose gradually from day 13). Lot VitE / Se + 41 (1ml / l then 2.5 ml / l from day 41, betamint, same as controllot ). Lot VitE / Se + 13 (1ml / l, then increase the dose gradually from day 13). Lot Bet + 13: chicktonic 1ml / l, betamint 1ml / l, then increase the dose gradually from day 13). The results obtained are significant at the p< 0.05, for live weight, yields, and blood profile. We obtained the best live weight (2821.33 g ± 229.77) with the increase in the dose of vitamin E / Selenium from day 41. Increased doses of chicktonic from day 41 improved performance, IC (2.08 ± 1.0) and IP (358.24 ± 313.25) and CV% (8.3), as well as serum cholesterol (1.23 g / l ± 0.17) and blood glucose (2.34 g / l ± 0.21), but carcass yield (74.70% ± 4.99) and that of organs are better when the doses were increased from day 13. Increasing the selvite dose from day 13 gave a lower IC (1.6 ± 1.6). The organ yield is better with the lowest abdominal fat yield (0.69 ± 0.28). The increase in dose of antistressBetamint, gave a high level of total protein (34.50 g / l ± 4.63), that of cholesterol (1.32 g / l ± 0.17) and that white blood cells (952.2610 ^ 3 / μl ± 26.60). With respect to the mortality rate, the three treatments gave low values between 0.10% and 0.33%.