HYGIENE ET SANTE ANIMALE

L'adénocarcinome nasal enzootique chez les ovins dans l'Est algérien.

2023-03-22T00:00:00Z

L'adénocarcinome nasal enzootique chez les ovins dans l'Est algérien. Sid, Nassim; Benhamza, Louiza Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a contagious neoplasm of the secretory epithelial cells of the nasal mucosa of sheep and goats. The disease is sporadic but often clustered in certain flocks and herds. It is caused by a betaretrovirus named Enzootic Nasal Tumour Virus (ENTV). The purpose of our work is to determine the epidemiological, clinical and anatomopathological profile of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in sheep in the east of Algeria (Bordj Bou Arréridj, Sétif, Batna and M'sila). From 2014 to 2021, 98 cases of ANE in sheep were described and submitted to autopsy. Nasal tumours were preserved in 10% formalin. The prevalence of ENA recorded at herd level was 8.57% (21/245) while the individual prevalence was 4.46% (98/2196). The disease was observed in the four regions studied without exception. Rates of 4.20% and 4.51% were recorded in females and males respectively. The average age at onset of ANE was 3.2 years, with extremes of 5 months and 7 years. The animals of 2 to 4 years are the most affected. We noted also that age and sex have no influence on the occurrence of the disease. ANE is observed in this study throughout the year with a slight predominance in autumn and winter. The most clinical signs observed were persistent serous to seromucous nasal discharge (100%), emaciation (72.45%), dyspnoea (54.08%), exophthalmos (46.94%) and deformation of the frontal bone (31.63%) and lacrimal bone (23.46%). On necropsy examination, unilateral (59.18%) or bilateral (40.82%), friable, and pinkish-white tumour masses were observed in the nasal cavities. The size of the tumour was varied from 1.3 to 11 cm. Osteolysis of the frontal and lacrimal bones rates was 54.08%. Histopathological examination showed that 100% of the tumours were adenocarcinomas of low malignant potential. The tumour tissue showed a predominantly acinar architecture. Immunohistochemistry with an antibody specific to the ovine betaretrovirus protein ENTV-env confirmed the viral origin of ANE. Besides a positive labelling of the tumour tissue was observed with the antibodies CK7, AE1/AE3, PCNA, Ki-67, vimentin, S100, NSE and AML. This study shows, for the first time, the presence of ANE in Algeria. This pathology is not well known by all the actors of the sheep industry. Isolation and slaughter of affected sheep remains the best way to eradicate this transmissible cancer.

Étude de l’intérêt de l’usage des huiles essentielles de Lamiacées (Mentha, Origanum et Thymus) durant le tarissement dans la maîtrise des mammites staphylococciques des vaches laitières.

2022-11-12T00:00:00Z

Étude de l’intérêt de l’usage des huiles essentielles de Lamiacées (Mentha, Origanum et Thymus) durant le tarissement dans la maîtrise des mammites staphylococciques des vaches laitières. Hamlaoui, Mohamed Walid; Hadef, Ahmed The dry period is known for its suitability for antimicrobial control of staphylococcal intramammary infections (IIMs). The present work aims to prospectively study the use of essential oils (aromatherapy) at the drying off for the control of staphylococcal mastitis in the conditions of Algerian dairy farms. This study is based on the collection of information regarding the current use of antibiotics, phytotherapy, and aromatherapy during the dry period via a questionnaire survey. Then, an in vitro evaluation of the efficacy of some essential oils of Lamiaceae (Thyme, Oregano, Mint) on Staphylococcus strains isolated from the milk of cows suffering from recurrent mastitis was carried out to select the essential oil(s) to be tested for their in vivo antimicrobial activities. Our survey identified noncompliance with recommended zootechnical practices during the dry period as a risk factor for poor udder health and non-effectiveness of antibiotic therapy at drying off (DCT). The latter is a common practice and is selective in 86.49% of cases, regardless of the health status of the udder. In addition, self-medication, anarchic and selective use of some molecules, mainly ß-lactams with cefalexin as the most infused intramammary antibiotic (40.54%), were noted. This survey confirmed interesting perspectives on the possibility of using phytotherapy and aromatherapy as complementary or palliative approaches to control mastitis and reduce antibiotic use. The study of the antibacterial activities, in vitro and in vivo, of three essential oils from three plants of the Lamiaceae family (Mentha, Origanum and Thymus) against bacteria causing mastitis has shown their very significant effects on different strains of Staphylococcus aureus. The highest inhibition diameter was obtained with the essential oil of Thymus munbyanus (41.07 mm). The lowest minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was recorded with the essential oil of Origanum vulgare (0.01%). The application of this oil in vivo on udders of cows with subclinical mastitis showed a significant (P<0.001) decrease in total aerobic mesophilic bacteria (TAMB) and a non-significant (P>0.05) decrease in coagulase-positive staphylococci (CPS). The use of essential oils seems to be a promising option for the actors of the Algerian dairy sector to join the ""One Health"" concept.

Epidemiologie des mammites subcliniques des vaches laitieres dans la wilaya de Constantine.

2017-04-16T00:00:00Z

Epidemiologie des mammites subcliniques des vaches laitieres dans la wilaya de Constantine. Hamlaoui, Mohamed Walid; Kayoueche, Fatima - Zohra The subclinical mastitis represents the dominant pathology of the breeding dairy cows in the majority of world countries. The controls of such problems pass by the knowledge of the risk factors responsible of the apparition and the persistence of this pathology in the farm, like this the knowledge of the dominant epidemiological models. In our study, we have tested, to determine, by means of the questionnaire destined to the breeders of dairy cows, the control of the risk factors of intramammary infections per the breeders, like this appreciate the prevalence of subclinical mastitis in this breeding by means of the California Mastitis Test (CMT). Our results showed that the quasi totality of farmers did not respect nor the rule, nor the hygiene of milking. The results of the CMT showed that 75% of prevalence of subclinical mastitis in dairy herds, and 40% of subclinical mastitis of dairy cows. Concerning the affected quarters, the CMT results showed that 80% of quarters are healthy, 18% are infected and 2% are not functional.

La paratuberculose bovine dans les abattoirs de la region de Constantine

2014-01-01T00:00:00Z

La paratuberculose bovine dans les abattoirs de la region de Constantine Benhamza L; Gherroucha ep Beziez Dounia Bovine paratuberculosis is an infectious and contagious chronic disease due to the increase of the mycobacterium M paratuberculosis in the organism. This disease is widespread in all countries practicing intensive cattle raising and causes heavy economic losses. The objective of this study is to search for paratuberculosis in cattle slaughterhouses. The author begins by presenting anatomical and histological reminders of the intestine and the satellite lymph; the major epidemiological elements of the causative pathogen, the symptoms and lesions of paratuberculosis plus the different methods of diagnosis and screening are described. The practical part consists of visits to the slaughterhouse, to inspect the intestines, take samples from the mesenteric hypertrophied lymph, accompanied by a portion of the intestine, and send them to the laboratory for histopathological study. Two stains were made, the HE and cold Ziehl stain; impressions of intestines and mesenteric lymph are also colored by the Ziehl-Neelsen hot method and examined microscopically. 181 f.