Doctorat (Nutrition Humaine)

Effet du jeûne du Ramadan sur des patients atteints de maladies non transmissibles (Diabète, maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer)-Etude réalisée sur Constantine (2021/2022).

2025-01-16T00:00:00Z

Effet du jeûne du Ramadan sur des patients atteints de maladies non transmissibles (Diabète, maladies cardiovasculaires, cancer)-Etude réalisée sur Constantine (2021/2022). Bentaleb, Maroua; Bencharif, Meriem; Sersar, Ibrahim This thesis examines the impact of Ramadan fasting on individuals with non-communicable diseases (NCDs), a topic of critical importance due to the abrupt disruption of chronobiological rhythms and the alteration of the activity/rest cycle during this period. The study was conducted in two parts. The first part involved a cross-sectional descriptive survey conducted in Constantine (eastern Algeria) among 63 patients with diabetes mellitus, of whom 41.3% were under 18 years old. Data were collected on general characteristics, behaviors and attitudes toward Ramadan fasting, dietary habits, blood glucose control, and complications or illnesses associated with COVID-19. The second part included 1,300 participants, comprising 650 healthy individuals and 650 individuals with NCDs (300 with cardiovascular diseases, 160 with cancer, and 190 with diabetes). The questionnaire covered various aspects, including fasting practices, physical activity level (assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, IPAQ), sleep quality (measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), food consumption frequency, and anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed using R software (version 3.2.4), with a significance level set at 0.05. The results of the first part of the study revealed that 77.8% of individuals with diabetes discussed their condition with those around them, and 58.7% had engaged in fasting prior to their diabetes diagnosis. Additionally, 73.3% monitored their blood glucose levels before breaking their fast. Following COVID-19 illness, hyperglycemia emerged as the most frequent complication, occurring in 9.5% of cases. The second part of the study demonstrated that fasting was practiced by 70.7% of individuals with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), 30.6% of cancer patients, and 53.2% of individuals with diabetes. Subjects with CVD exhibited a higher frequency of fasting outside Ramadan compared to other patient groups (10.4 ± 6.5 days; p=0.000). These individuals also displayed a greater tendency toward self-monitoring compared to healthy participants but showed a higher prevalence of smoking (39.67%) relative to other patients. Physical activity levels (PAL) were significantly higher in healthy subjects during Ramadan (1167.4 ± 119.1 min.week⁻¹) and outside Ramadan (1288.6 ± 58.6 min.week⁻¹; p<0.05) compared to subjects with NCDs. Among individuals with CVD, a strong, positive, and significant correlation was observed between sleep duration and the total hours spent in bed (r=0.709; p=0.000). Sleep quality, as assessed by the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), was generally poor across all groups during Ramadan (PSQI > 5). Significant alterations in dietary habits were also noted during Ramadan. Cancer patients reduced their consumption of sugary products (p=0.042), whereas individuals with diabetes (p=0.009) and CVD (p=0.000) increased their intake of animal protein sources. Healthy participants exhibited a marked increase in the consumption of fruits and vegetables (p=0.004) as well as sweet products (p=0.000). Notably, no significant differences in weight status were observed across any of the study groups regardless of the period. The present study underscores the necessity of a personalized approach to managing noncommunicable diseases during and outside Ramadan. The findings highlight the importance of enhanced medical surveillance and tailored therapeutic education that addresses specific requirements related to physical activity, sleep, and nutrition. Targeted intervention strategies should be developed to support patients in maintaining a healthy lifestyle while respecting their religious practices, thereby contributing to improved health management during this unique period.

Dromadaire algérien

2022-07-13T00:00:00Z

Dromadaire algérien Smili, Hanane; Becila-Hioual, Samira This thesis aims to study the potentialities of the Algerian dromedary in terms of meat production through the study of the situation of camel meat sector in the region of Ouargla and the characterization of meat quality. Surveys were carried out with the different actors of the sector (breeders, within the slaughterhouse, butchers and consumers). In addition, the economic production evolution in the market of Ouargla region and the factors influencing it, namely the constraints of the sector and avenues for its development were discussed. However, Longissimus Lumborum muscles removed from male Sahraoui dromedaries were used to investigate the effect of slaughter age and post mortem time on the physicochemical, biochemical and sensory characteristics of meat quality. Moreover, potential biomarkers of meat quality have been proposed. Through the results of the survey the different actors of camel meat sector in the region of Ouargla were characterized from a socio-demographic and economic point of view. Data showed a high potential for transformation and innovation in camel meat products. However, controlling the variability of organoleptic properties is recommended to reduce the constraint linked to the limited consumption of dromedary meat. The results of the characterization of dromedary meat quality revealed significant effects of slaughter age and post mortem time on meat properties. It seems interesting to exploit post mortem changes in muscle proteins as a tool for predicting and monitoring the quality characteristics of Sahraoui dromedary meat. Actin and troponin T fragments, myofibrillar fragmentation index, creatine kinase, enolase, myoglobin contents and pH measured within six hours post-slaughter have been proposed as potential biomarkers of meat quality. Their use for carcasses classification would ensure better management through the presentation to consumers of constant and superior camel meat quality.

Allaitement maternel, alimentation et croissance de nouveaux nés et nourrissons de 1j a 18 mois, algériens sains (Skikda, 2014-2017).

2022-07-06T00:00:00Z

Allaitement maternel, alimentation et croissance de nouveaux nés et nourrissons de 1j a 18 mois, algériens sains (Skikda, 2014-2017). Bechiri, Loubna; Boudjellal, Abdelghani Regular assessment of the growth and nutrition of infants are essential elements of health care in order to detect problems related to their nutritional status early before they are seriously compromised. The main objective of our study is to describe the dietary profile and the growth of a model population of healthy Algerian infants, respecting the dietary recommendations of the WHO (2004), followed from birth to 18 months in north- eastern Algeria (Skikda). A prospective (longitudinal) descriptive epidemiological study of observational type was carried out over 3 years (2014-2017) at the level of the maternal and child protection service of the public health establishment in Skikda. The sample consisted of couples of mothers and their infants (1-3 months) who presented for the first or second vaccination visit and were followed up to 18 months. The data were collected using the questionnaire adapted from the WHO (2004) according to the visits of the Algerian vaccination schedule. The couples (mother-infant) retained in the study met the inclusion criteria according to the WHO multicentre study (2004). The data collected concerned the follow-up of infants from 0 to 18 months in terms of breastfeeding (AM), complementary feeding, health and growth as well as all information from mothers and their households. Growth monitoring from birth was carried out by taking anthropometric measurements (weight, height and head circumference), evaluation of motor development and calculation of anthropometric growth indices according to WHO standards (2006, 2007): weight /age (W/A), height/age (T/A), weight/height (W/A), body mass index/age (BMI/A) and head circumference/age (HC/A). Our study concerned a total population of 2783 registered mother/infant pairs, of which only 309 were included and able to begin the longitudinal follow-up. At the end of the study, a total of 159 infants were completely followed from 0 to 18 months of which 83 (52.2%) are girls, a sex ratio of 0.92. The main results are as follows: Longitudinal follow-up of 159 infants showed that from 1 to 5 months, exclusive and predominant breastfeeding did not differ by gender (p>0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 15.7% of infants at the first month against 7.5% at 5 months. The predominant breastfeeding increased from 84.3% during the first month to 92.5% at 5 months, while complementary feeding started from 4 months. This consisted of infant milk, infant flour, swiss-cheese, water, herbal teas, vegetables, cheese, cookies and fruit. All infants had normal motor development. Weight status (4-18 months) did not differ by gender (p>0.05). The mean BMI Z-score values are close to the standards (0-18 months) for both sexes. Microcephaly affected 2.5% infants at 3 months and 3.1% at 9 months and the severe case (1st and 4th month) 0.6% of them. At the end of the study, the nutritional profile of infants (0-18 months) showed 5.8% wasting, 4.8% thinness, 2.7% stunted, 3.1% overweight while 83.8% were of normal weight. To improve the nutritional status of Algerian infants, it is important to educate parents on the benefits of breastfeeding and adequate complementary feeding. It is also very important to ensure regular monitoring of growth during and outside vaccination visits in order to better control the nutritional status of infants by acting instantly on the various problems encountered at each age.

Statut nutritionnel et sociodemographique d’une cohorte de femmes enceintes d’el khroub (Constantine, Algerie)

2011-06-09T00:00:00Z

Statut nutritionnel et sociodemographique d’une cohorte de femmes enceintes d’el khroub (Constantine, Algerie) Touati (Née Mecheri), Djamila; Agli, Abdel-Nacer; Potier de Courcy, Geneviève Background: Pregnancy and its outcome events are sensitive to environmental exposures. Supervision is an important observation of the health of the population. Objective: To characterize the impact of food and nutrient intakes of pregnant women in the child's weight at birth and to examine whether an association exists between the level and quality of these inputs and conditions and pregnancy outcome. Population and methods: The epidemiological investigation and longitudinal semi descriptive focused on the monitoring of 417 pregnant women living in the town of El Khroub journals and childbirth during the summer of 2002, anthropometric data and inputs Food and nutrition (estimated by the tables of Ciqual and FAO) have been collected, and the socioeconomic status of subjects was assessed by a score of level of living (SNV) incorporating educational level, occupation, type of Housing and household equipment, the number of children. The association between variables was assessed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results: The mean age of parturients was 30.7 ± 5.6 years, BMI before pregnancy of 24.9 ± 3.3 kg/m2, after the delivery of 28.3 ± 3.4 kg/m2 The weight gain of 8.9 ± 4.7 kg. The term is 39.6 ± 1.6 weeks of amenorrhea (SA) the birth weight of 3264 ± 494 g. Prematurity accounts for 6.24%, low birth weight (IUGR) 3.36%. The VNS is low. in almost one third of women. The mean energy intake (1485 ± 360 kcal or 6215 kJ), is relatively low compared with the recommendations but the balance between carbohydrates (64.9% of TEI), protein (14.8%) and lipids (20.3%) is satisfactory. In term births, the newborn's weight is positively related to maternal age (p = 0.007), with its initial weight (p = 0.006) and its protein intake (p = 0.03) but only in those with low SNV. Energy intake, iron, calcium or folate do not appear to depend upon for cons of living or working on the weight of the child to term. It was noted that the IUGR and prematurity are in normal proportions. However, our study was to demonstrate that children normotrophes, ie term babies of normal weight (greater than 2500g), this weight was correlated with the degree of SNV and dietary protein intake, and thus a form of food, which, without being unbalanced or insufficient, has a slight deficit in relation to living conditions. Conclusion: Consistent with the literature, our analysis highlights the relationship of the child's weight at birth with age, weight and size of the mother, so that after birth. In group NN normotrophes, weight was correlated with the degree of SNV, and dietary protein intake, particularly animal. 201 f.